If I had V-ed， I would have ……

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰If…had+過去分詞…，主詞+would/should 等+have+過去分詞

　　說明︰這是與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。if 要用，則要用過去式（would，should，ought to，might，could）+have+過去。if 中的 had可置于前面，而省略 If.

　　If I had seen him， I would have told him the truth. 如果我當時看見他，我會告訴他實情。

　　I could have finished the task if I had had more time.

　　如果當時我能有多一點時間，我就能完成這項任務。

　　If we had known of your departure， we would have seen you off at the airport.

　　如果我們事先知道你要離開，我們會到機場送行。

　　I someone had been with him， he might not have been drowned.

　　如果有人在他旁邊，或許他就不會溺死。

　　I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses.

　　若非我已經(jīng)習慣了這樣的回答，我可能不敢輕易相信。

　　Had he not apologize to her， she would not have forgiven him.

　　她（那時）不會原諒他，若非他道了歉。

　　Had he not saved me， I might have been drowned. 我可能溺死了，若非他救了我。

　　Had I proposed to you， would you have married me？

　　我要是當年向你求婚，你會答應嫁給我嗎？

　　Had you not helped us， we should have canceled this transaction.

　　假如沒有你的幫助，這筆生意早就告吹了。

　　If I had V-ed， I would ……

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰If…had+過去分詞…，主詞+would/should 等+原形動詞+now/today

　　說明︰這是不一致時的假設(shè)，亦稱混合假設(shè)條件句。即：if 若與過去事實相反，用表示；而若與現(xiàn)在事實相反，則用過去式表示。此類句尾通常有表現(xiàn)在的，如 now，today 等。

　　If he had worked harder when young， he would be well off now.

　　如果他年輕時多努力一點，現(xiàn)在就能過得舒服些。

　　If I had been rich ten years ago， I could buy that house today.

　　如果十年前我有錢，今天我就能買下那棟房子了。

　　Had he told the truth， he wouldn‘t be punished now.如果他當時肯說實話，現(xiàn)在就不會受罪了。

　　Had he followed the doctor‘s advice， he might be alive now.

　　當時他要是聽了醫(yī)生的建議，現(xiàn)在可能還活著。

　　I wish …… + V-ed ……

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰I wish+（that）+主詞+動詞過去式/過去完成式（had+過去分詞）…

　　說明︰I wish 之后以 that 為時，該的一定要用：若用過去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望；若用，則表示與過去事實相反的愿望。“I wish+that-”的也可用“I would rather+that-”取代。而 I hope 之后以 that 做時，該用一般。

　　I wish there were meadows and lambs. 但愿有草地與小羊。

　　I wish I were as tall as you. 但愿我像你一樣高。

　　I wish he could tell us. 但愿他能告訴我們。

　　I wish （=I would rather） he could come tomorrow. 但愿他明天能來。

　　I wish you had not been caught in the rain yesterday. 但愿昨天你們沒有淋到雨。

　　I wish you had not told the truth. 但愿你沒有說實話。

　　I wish I had known you ten years ago. 真希望十年前就已經(jīng)認識你。

　　If only + V-ed

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰If only+過去式/過去完成式

　　說明︰此句型意為“要是…就好了。”用過去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反；若用，則表示與過去事實相反。

　　If only I had a rich father. 要是我有個有錢的爸爸就好了。

　　If only he had been here. 要是他當時在這兒就好了。

　　If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次機會就好了。

　　…… as if/as though ……

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰…as if/as though…現(xiàn)在式/過去式/過去完成式

　　說明︰此句型意為“彷佛…；好像…一樣”。as if，as though 是，引導。中，可用現(xiàn)在式，以表示事實；也可用過去式或，分別表示與現(xiàn)在或過去事實相反的。

　　He speaks like that as if he doesn‘t want to attend the meeting.他那樣說話，似乎不想?yún)⒓訒�議。

　　He walks as if he is drunk. 他走起路來好像他真的醉了。

　　He felt as if he almost wished to kill them. 他感覺彷佛幾乎要殺掉他們。

　　The baby opened the book as if he were able to read. 這個嬰兒打開書本彷佛他會念書。

　　The nurse attends on the patient as if he were her father.

　　這護士照顧這位病人彷佛在照顧她爸爸似的。

　　He ran into the room as if he had seen something terrible.

　　他跑進屋子，彷佛他看到什么可怕的東西。

　　She looks as if nothing had happened to her. 她當時看起來好像什么事都沒發(fā)生似的。

　　It seems/looks as if ……

　　結(jié)構(gòu)︰It seems/looks as if…

　　說明︰此句型意為“似乎…”。本句型中的 as if 可用以表示事實。

　　It looks as if it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。

　　It seems as if he knows everything. 他似乎是個萬事通。

　　It seems as if he knew everything， but in reality， he is as stupid as can be.

　　他似乎是個萬事通。其實他是再愚蠢不過了。

　　It looks as if she had just come back from outer space.

　　她看起來彷佛剛從外層空間回來似的。

　　It seemed as if he had finished the work. 他似乎已經(jīng)完成了這個工作。

　　It seemed as if he would never finish the work. 他似乎永遠完成不了這個工作。