2016年衛(wèi)生類職稱英語備考：陳述句

用來說明一個(gè)事實(shí)的句子叫陳述句。它有肯定式和否定式兩種形式。

▲陳述句的肯定式：He is a middle school student.(他是個(gè)中學(xué)生)/ I have a hammer in my hand.(我手上有把錘子)/ She teaches us geography.(她教我們地理)/ The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it.(新的話劇非常好大家都喜歡)

▲陳述句的否定式：

1)謂語動(dòng)詞如果是to be 、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),在它們的后面加“not”。如：My brother is not a teacher.(我的弟弟不是教師)/ He does not have a cousin.(他沒有堂兄弟)/ I will not go there tomorrow.(明天我不去那兒)/ My mother is not cooking a meal in the kitchen.(我母親現(xiàn)在不在廚房里做飯)/ You must not make such mistakes again.(你不該再犯類似錯(cuò)誤了) / We haven't discussed the question yet(我們還沒有討論那個(gè)問題呢).

2)謂語動(dòng)詞如果沒有上述詞語而是其他動(dòng)詞時(shí),須在它的前面加do not(don't).如：I don't know anything about it.(此事我一無所知) / Li Ming does not feed pigs in the countryside.(李明不在農(nóng)村養(yǎng)豬)/ We didn't expect to meet her right here.(我們沒指望著在這里見到她)/ We didn't have a meeting yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我們沒有開會(huì))

3)如果“have”作“有”講,也可以在它后面加not構(gòu)成否定式,其形式與have got的否定式相同。 如：I haven't (got) any brothers or sisters.(我沒有兄弟姐妹)

[注意]

①句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等詞時(shí),用not一般構(gòu)成部分否定,如果要完全否定,則通常使用none、neither、not…at all等;All of them went there.→None of them went there.(他們?nèi)�都去了那�?rarr;他們?nèi)�都沒去那里)

②句子中含有l(wèi)ittle、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等詞時(shí), 則視為否定句。如：Few people live there because life there is very hard.(幾乎沒有人生活在那里因?yàn)槟抢锏纳�活太艱難了)

③陳述句(主語+謂語+其他)在口語中可以直接表示疑問,表示驚訝或明知故問。如：That's your boss?(那就是你的老板?!)

④陳述句一般情況下應(yīng)使用正常的語序,即：主語+謂語+其他。但是有時(shí)會(huì)倒裝,詳見“倒裝句”。

⑤所有的從句一律使用陳述句語序,即在連接詞后采用“主語+謂語+其他”的順序。如：The old man told me that he would live here for ten more years before he returns home. (老人告訴我說他還要在這兒住幾年然后回家)/ Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night?(能告訴我在聚會(huì)上你都看見了誰嗎?)