為幫助考生有效備考2013年職稱英語(yǔ)考試，醫(yī)學(xué)教育網(wǎng)小編整理了職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)資料，希望對(duì)您學(xué)習(xí)職稱英語(yǔ)有所幫助！

動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ),放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后.與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系:

①動(dòng)賓關(guān)系:

I have a meeting to attend

注意:不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等,應(yīng)有必要的介詞,如:

He found a good house to live in.

The child has nothing to worry about.

如果不定式修飾time, place, way,可以省略介詞:

He has no place to live.

This is the best way to work out this problem.

如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動(dòng)作承受者,不定式可用主動(dòng)式也可用被動(dòng)式:

Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent?

②說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容:

We have made a plan to finish the work.

③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語(yǔ):

He is the first to get here.

(1)接不定式或動(dòng)名詞在意思上有區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞:

fmean to do想要(做某事)propose to do打算(做某事)

mean doing意味(做某事)propose doing建議(做某事)

forget to do忘記(要做的事)remember to do記得(要做某事)

forget doing忘記(已做的事)remember doing記得(已做過(guò)的事)

regret to do(對(duì)將要做的事)遺憾go on to do繼而(做另一件事)

regret doing(對(duì)已做過(guò)的事)后悔go on doing繼續(xù)(做原來(lái)的事)

fstop to do停下來(lái)去做另一件事

stop doing停止正在做的事

(2)下列動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的to是介詞,后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞或名詞:

object to,resort to,react to,contribute to,look forward to,be accustomed to,be committed to.be exposed to,be subjected to,be devoted to,be dedicated to,be opposed to,be reconciled to,be contrary to

1. 分詞作定語(yǔ)

1) 分詞作定語(yǔ)既可以放在所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語(yǔ),也可以放在所修飾的詞后面,作后置定語(yǔ).其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句.例如:

Where are the reserved seats? (=Where are the seats which have been reserved?)

預(yù)定的座位在哪里?

This is a pressing problem. (=This is a problem which is pressing.)

這是一個(gè)緊迫的問(wèn)題.

2) 分詞作后置定語(yǔ)可分為限制性(緊跟在所修飾的中心詞之后)和非限制性(用逗號(hào)與其所修飾的中心詞分開(kāi))兩種,其作用分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.

例如:

The funds raised (= which have been raised) are mainly used for helping the homeless.

籌集的資金主要用來(lái)幫助那些無(wú)家可歸的人.

There are many students waiting (= who are waiting) to get examined.

有許多學(xué)生在等待檢查

This book, written (= which is written) in simple English, is suitable for beginners.

本書(shū)是用淺顯的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的,適合初學(xué)者.

3) 分詞常和形容詞、副詞或名詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞作定語(yǔ).例如:

The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.

那位手持鮮花的姑娘一定在等人.

The newly-built building is our office building.

這座新建的大樓是我們的辦公樓.

4) 有些不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),并不表示被動(dòng)的意思而是表示完成.這類過(guò)去分詞常作前置修飾語(yǔ).例如:

There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.

秋天有許多落葉.

The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.

這部電影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事.

常用的這一類詞有:fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen, grown up, vanished等.

2. 分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

1) 跟分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等.例如:

When they returned home from the holiday, they found their house stolen.

當(dāng)他們度假完回到家時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被盜了.(過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng))

2) 在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中,用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系;用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ),表示賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.例如:

There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard.

由于十分吵鬧,講話人沒(méi)法讓人聽(tīng)到他的聲音.

When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.

他醒來(lái)的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)一位老大娘正在照顧他.

1) 分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可以表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件、方式或伴隨狀況.通常可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句;表示方式或伴隨狀況的可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句或非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.例如:

Confined to bed (= Because she was confined to bed), she needed to be waited on in everything.

她臥病在床,什么事都需要人伺候.(作原因狀語(yǔ))

Having only book knowledge

able to work well.

如果只有書(shū)本知識(shí),你就不可能做好工作.(作條件狀語(yǔ))

They stood there waiting for the bus. (=They stood there and waited for the bus.)

他們站在那里等公共汽車.(作方式狀語(yǔ))

2) 現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的用法比較

不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),如果單獨(dú)作狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和主句的主語(yǔ)一致.分詞作狀語(yǔ)通�？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句,如果狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),就用過(guò)去分詞;如果狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),就用現(xiàn)在分詞.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào),分詞前可帶連詞when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作狀語(yǔ),以便使句子的

意思更清楚、更連貫.例如:

Working hard, you will succeed.

如果你努力,你會(huì)成功的.

Defeated (= Though he was defeated)